California Phlebotomy Certification Practice Exam

Hematoma formation is a common complication of phlebotomy and occurs when blood leaks out of the vein during or after the procedure, leading to a localized swelling and discoloration of the skin. This can happen due to improper technique, using a too large needle, or not applying sufficient pressure after the needle is withdrawn.

Infection is another potential complication, as any break in the skin poses a risk of introducing pathogens. It can occur if proper aseptic techniques are not followed before and during the procedure, which underscores the importance of cleanliness and hand hygiene.

Severe allergic reactions, although less common, can occur in response to the materials used during the procedure, such as latex gloves or antiseptics. Allergic responses can range from mild to severe, potentially causing significant harm.

Thus, all of these complications—hematoma formation, infection, and severe allergic reactions—are indeed possibilities during phlebotomy, making "all of the above" the most comprehensive choice for understanding common complications associated with the procedure.